The wax coating on apples serves several important purposes, primarily related to preserving the freshness and appearance of the fruit during storage and transportation. Here's why apples are waxed:
- Natural Wax
Removal: Apples naturally produce a thin layer of wax on their skin, known
as the cuticle or bloom. This natural wax helps reduce water loss from the
fruit and acts as a barrier against pests and diseases. However, during
the harvesting and washing process, this natural wax can be removed.
- Cosmetic
Appearance: The wax coating on apples improves their appearance by giving
them a glossy shine. This makes apples more visually appealing to
consumers and encourages purchases.
- Retaining
Moisture: The wax coating helps reduce moisture loss from the apple's
flesh. This is important for maintaining the fruit's juiciness and
crispness during storage and transport.
- Protection Against
Bruising: The wax layer provides a protective barrier against physical
damage, reducing the risk of bruising and surface blemishes during
handling and shipping.
- Extended Shelf
Life: By reducing water loss, maintaining moisture, and protecting against
external factors, the wax coating can help extend the shelf life of
apples.
- Preventing Mold
and Decay: The wax coating acts as a barrier against fungal growth and
decay organisms, helping to prevent mold and spoilage.
The
wax used on apples is typically food-grade and safe for human consumption.
There are two main types of wax used on apples:
- Natural Wax: Some
apples are coated with natural waxes, such as carnauba wax (derived from
the leaves of the Brazilian palm tree) or shellac (a resin secreted by the
lac bug). These waxes are considered safe and are commonly used in food
products.
- Synthetic Wax:
Synthetic waxes, which are also food-grade and safe, are sometimes used on
apples. These waxes are often made from a mixture of various compounds,
including long-chain fatty acids and esters.
It's
important to note that the wax used on apples is regulated and subject to food
safety standards to ensure it does not contain harmful additives or
contaminants. While some consumers prefer unwaxed apples, the wax coating is
generally recognized as safe and plays a crucial role in preserving the quality
and freshness of apples from the orchard to the consumer's table.