Name reactions
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1) Arndt-Eistert reaction -
The reaction consists
of increasing the length of the carbon chain by one methylene group in
carboxylic acids. Therefore the product of this reaction is the higher
homologue of the starting acid.
The carboxylic acid is first converted into acid chloride. This acid chloride is allowed to reacts with excess of diazomethane to form diazoketone. This diazoketone on heating with Ag2O in the presence of water splits off nitrogen and rearranges to ketene. This ketene further reacts with the water to form carboxylic acids as final product. Therefore the product of this reaction is the higher homologue of the starting acid.
